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BL6503E single phase energy meter ic http://ww w.belling.com.cn - 1 - v1.0 1 total 12 pages ? features ? high accuracy, less than 0.1% error over a dynamic range of 30 00 : 1 ? e xactly measure the real power in the positive orientation and neg a tive orientation, calculate the energy in the same orientation ? a pga in the current channel allows using small value shunt and burden resistance ? the low frequency outputs f1 and f2 can directly drive electromechanical counters and two phase stepper motors and the high frequency output cf, supplies instantaneous real power, is intended for calibration and communicat ions ? the logic outputs revp can be used to indicate a potential orientation ? low static power (typical value of 15mw) . ? on - chip power supply detector ? on - chip anti - creep protection ? on - chip voltage reference of 2 . 5 v 8% ( typical temperature coefficient of 3 0ppm/ ) with external overdrive capability ? single 5v supply ? credible work, working time is more than twenty years i nterrelated patents are pending ? description the BL6503E is a low cost, high accuracy, high stability, simple peripheral circuit electrical en ergy meter ic . the meter based on the BL6503E is intended for using in single - phase, two - wire distribution systems. the BL6503E adopts the oversample technology and digital signal processing technology. it can e xactly measure the real power in the positiv e orientation and neg a tive orientation and calculate the energy in the same orientation. moreover, BL6503E supplies the negative orientation indication on pin20 (revp). therefore, the meter using the BL6503E has great capability to avoid fault condition. t he BL6503E supplies average real power information on the low frequency outputs f1 (pin23) and f2 (pin24) . these logic outputs may be used to directly drive an electromechanical counter and two - phase stepper motors . the cf (pin22) logic output gives instan taneous real power information. this output is intended to be used for calibration purposes or interface to an mcu . the BL6503E adopts the technology of slim and decreases greatly the static power. this technology also decreases the request for power suppl y. BL6503E thinks over the stability of reading error in the process of calibration.. an internal no - load threshold ensures that the BL6503E does not exhibit any creep when there is no load. ? block diagram ssop 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 b l 6 5 0 3 s dvdd ac / dc avdd nc v 1 p v 1 n v 2 n v 2 p reset vref agnd scf s 1 s 0 g 1 g 0 clkin clkout nc f 1 f 2 cf dgnd revp current sampling voltage sampling analog to digital high pass filter digital multiplication digital to frequency and output low pass filter v 1 n v 1 p v 2 p v 2 n ac / dc revp cf f 1 f 2 bl 6503 e avdd power detector voltage reference vref analog to digital high pass filter logical control reset g 0 g 1 s 0 s 1 scf
BL6503E single phase energy meter ic http://ww w.belling.com.cn - 2 - v1.0 1 total 12 pages ? pin descriptions pin symbol descriptions 1 dvdd digital power supply (+5v) . p rovides the supply voltage for the digital circuitry. it should be maintained at 5 v 5% for specified operation. 2 ac / high - pass filter select. this logic input is used to enable the high pass filter in the current channel. logic high on this pin enables the hpf. 3 avdd analog power supply (+5v) . p rovides the supply voltage for the analog circuitry. it should be maintained at 5 v 5% for specified operation . 4 nc reserved. 5 ,6 v1p,v1n inputs for current channel. these inputs are fully differential voltage inputs with a maximum signal level of 660 mv 7,8 v2n,v2p negative and positive inputs for voltage channel. these inputs provide a f ully differential input pair. the maximum differential input voltage is 660 mv for specified operation. 9 reset pin. logic low on this pin will hold the adcs and digital circuitry in a reset condition and clear internal registers. 10 vref on - chip voltage reference. the on - chip reference has a nominal value of 2. 5 v 8% and a typical temperature coefficient of 30 ppm/ . an external reference source may also be connected at this pin. 11 agnd analog ground reference . provides the ground reference for the a nalog circuitry . 12 scf calibration frequency select. this logic input is used to select the frequency on the calib ration output cf . 13,14 s1,s0 output frequency select. these logic inputs are used to select one of four possible frequencies for the digital - to - frequency conversion. this offers the designer greater flexibility when designing the energy meter. 15,16 g1, g0 gain select. these logic inputs are used to select one of four possible gains for current channel. the possible gains are 1, 2, 8, and 16. 17 clkin clock in. an external clock can be provided at this logic input. alternatively, a crystal can be connect ed across this pin and pin18 ( clkout ) to provide a clock source 18 clkout clock out. a crystal can be connected across this pin and pin17 ( clkin ) as described above to provide a clock source . 19 nc reserved. 20 revp negative i ndication . l ogic high indic ates negative power, i.e., when the phase angle between the voltage and current signals is greater that 90 ? . this output is not latched and will be reset when positive power is once again detected. 21 dgnd digital ground reference . provides the ground ref erence for the digital circuitry . 22 cf calibration frequency. the cf logic output gives instantaneous real power information. this output is intended to use for calibration purposes. 23,24 f1,f2 low - frequency. f1 and f2 supply average real power informa tion. the logic outputs can be used to directly drive electromechanical counters and 2 - phase stepper motors. dc reset
BL6503E single phase energy meter ic http://ww w.belling.com.cn - 3 - v1.0 1 total 12 pages ? absolute maximum ratings ( t = 25 ) parameter symbol value unit analog power voltage avdd avdd - 0.3~+7(max) v digital power voltage dvdd dvdd - 0.3~+7(max) v dvdd to avdd - 0.3~+0.3 v analog input voltage of channel 2 to agnd v ( v ) vss+0.5 ? electronic characteristic parameter (t=25 , avdd=5v, dvdd= 5v, clkin=3.58mhz ) parameter symbol test condition measure pin min value typical value max value unit 1 analog power current i avdd pin1 2 ma 2 digital power current i dvdd pin3 1 ma 3 logic input pins g0, g1, scf,s0,s1, acdc, /reset pin2, 9,12, 13,14, 15,16 input high voltage v ih avdd=5v dvdd=5v 2 v input low voltage v il 1 v input capacitance c in 10 pf 4 logic output pins f1, f2 pin23, 24 output high voltage v oh1 i h =10ma 4.4 v output low voltage v ol1 i l =10ma 0.5 v output current i o1 10 m a 5 logic output pins cf, revp , pin22, 20 ,19 output high voltage v oh2 i h =10ma 4 v output low voltage v ol2 i l =10ma 0.5 v 6 on - chip reference vref avdd=5v pin10 2.3 2. 5 2. 7 v 7 analog input pins v1 p , v1n v2n, v2p pin 5,6, 7,8 maximum input voltage v ain ?
BL6503E single phase energy meter ic http://ww w.belling.com.cn - 4 - v1.0 1 total 12 pages input capacitance 10 pf 8 accuracy measurement error on channel 1 and 2 gain=1 enl1 both channels with full - scale signal ? 660mv over a dynamic range 3 00 to 1 pin22 0.1 0. 4 % gain=2 enl2 pin22 0.1 0.4 % gain=8 enl8 pin22 0.1 0.4 % gain=16 enl16 pin22 0.1 0.4 % phase error between channels channel 1 lead 37 ? (pf=0.8 capacitive ) pin22 0.1 0.3 % channel 1 lags (pf=0.5 inductive ) pin22 0.1 0.3 % 9 start current i start ib=5a cos ? voltage channel inputs ? 110mv gain of current channel 16 pin5 0.2%i b a 10 positive and negative real power error ( % ) enp vv= ? 110mv,v(i)= 2mv, cos ? vv= ? 110mv,v(i)= 2mv, cos ? = - 1 pin22 0. 1 % 11 gain error gain error external 2. 5v reference,gain=1, v1=v2=500mv dc pin22 ? 5 % 12 gain error match pin22 0 .2 1 % 13power supply monitor voltage v down power supply vary from 3.5v to 5v,and current channel with full - scale signal pin22 3 .9 4 4 . 1 v ? terminology 1) m easurement e rror the error associated with the energy measurement made by the BL6503E is defined by the following formula:
BL6503E single phase energy meter ic http://ww w.belling.com.cn - 5 - v1.0 1 total 12 pages 2) nonlinear error the nonlinear error is defined by the following formula: enl% [(error at x - error at ib ) / (1+error at ib )]*100% when v ( v ) = ? 110mv , cos ? =1, over the arrange of 5%ib to 800%ib, the nonlinear error should be less than 0.1%. 3) positive and negative real power error when the positive real power and the negative real po wer is equal, and v(v) = ? 110mv , the test current is ib, then the positive and negative real power error can be achieved by the following formula: enp%=|[(en% - ep%)/(1+ep%)]*100%| where : ep% is the positive real power error, en% is the negative real power error. 4) g ain e rror the gain error of the BL6503E is defined as the difference between the measured output frequency (minus the offset) and the ideal output frequency. it is measured with a gain of 1 in channel v1. the difference is expressed as a percen tage of the ideal frequency. the ideal frequency is obtained from the BL6503E transfer function. 5) g ain e rror m atch the gain error match is defined as the gain error (minus the offset) obtained when switching between a gain of 1 and a gain of 2, 8, or 16. it is expressed as a percentage of the output frequency obtained under a gain of 1. this gives the gain error observed when the gain selection is changed from 1 to 2, 8 or 16. 6) power supply m onitor BL6503E has the on - chip power supply monitoring the bl6 503e will remain in a reset condition until the supply voltage on av dd reaches 4v. if the supply falls below 4v, the BL6503E will also be reset and no pulses will be issued on f1, f2 and cf. ? timing characteristic % 100 6503 re ? ? ? energy true energy true e bl the by gistered energy error pencentage
BL6503E single phase energy meter ic http://ww w.belling.com.cn - 6 - v1.0 1 total 12 pages ( avdd=dvdd=5v , agnd=dgnd=0v , on - chip refe rence, clkin=3.58mhz , temperature range: - 40~+85 ? c ) parameter value comments t1 145 ms f1 and f2 pulse - width (logic low). when the power is low, the t1 is equal to 145 ms; when the power is high, and the output period is less than 290 ms, t1 equals to half o f the output period . t2 f1 or f2 output pulse period. t3 ? t2 time between f1 falling edge and f2 falling edge. t 5 90 ms cf pulse - width (logic high). when the power is low, the t 5 is equal to 90ms; when the power is high, and the output period is less t han 180ms, t 5 equals to half of the output period . t 4 cf pulse period. see transfer function section. t6 clkin/4 minimum time between f1 and f2. notes : 1) cf is not synchronous to f1 or f2 frequency outputs. 2) sample tested during initial release and after any redesign or process change that may affect this parameter. ? theory of operation ? principle of energy measure in energy measure, the power information varying with time is calculated by a direct multiplication of the voltage signal and the current signal. assume that the current signal and the voltage signal are cosine functions; umax, imax are the peak values of the voltage signal and the current signal ; is the angle frequency of the input signals; the phase difference between the current signal and the voltage signal is expressed as . then the power is given as follows: if =0 : if 0 : ) cos( ) cos( ) ( max max ? ? ? ? wt i wt u t p )] 2 cos( 1 [ 2 ) ( max max wt i u t p ? ?
BL6503E single phase energy meter ic http://ww w.belling.com.cn - 7 - v1.0 1 total 12 pages p(t) is called as the instantaneous power signal. the ideal p(t) consists of the dc component and ac component whose frequency is 2 . the dc component is called as the average active power, that is: the average active power is related to the cosine value of the phase difference between the voltage signal and the current signal. this cosine value is called as power factor (pf) of the two channel signals. figure1. the effect of phase when the signal phase diff erence between the voltage and current channels is more than 90 ? , the average active power is negative. it indicates the user is using the electrical energy reversely. ? op e ration process in BL6503E , the two adcs digitize the voltage signals from the curre nt and voltage transducers. these adcs are 16 - bit second order sigma - delta with an oversampling rate of 900 khz. this analog input structure greatly simplifies transducer interfacing by providing a wide dynamic range for direct connection to the transducer and also simplifying the antialiasing filter design. a programmable gain stage in the current channel further facilitates easy transducer interfacing. a high pass filter in the current channel removes any dc component from the current signal. this elimina tes any inaccuracies in the real power calculation due to offsets in the voltage or current signals. the real power calculation is derived from the instantaneous power signal. the instantaneous ? ? ? ? ) 2 cos( 2 ) cos( 2 ) sin( ) 2 sin( ) cos( ) 2 cos( 2 ) cos( 2 ) sin( ) 2 sin( 2 ) cos( )] 2 cos( 1 [ 2 ) sin( ) sin( ) cos( ) cos( ] ) 2 cos( 1 [ 2 ) sin( ) sin( ) cos( ) cos( ) cos( ) cos( ) cos( ) ( max max max max max max max max max max max max max max max max max max max max max ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? t i u i u t t i u i u t i u t i u t t i u t i u t i t i t u t i t u t p ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ) cos( 2 max max ? i u p ?
BL6503E single phase energy meter ic http://ww w.belling.com.cn - 8 - v1.0 1 total 12 pages power signal is generated by a direct multiplication of the c urrent and voltage signals. in order to extract the real power component (i.e., the dc component), the instantaneous power signal is low - pass filtered. figure 2 illustrates the instantaneous real power signal and shows how the real power information can be extracted by low - pass filtering the instantaneous power signal. this scheme correctly calculates real power for nonsinusoidal current and voltage waveforms at all power factors. all signal processing is carried out in the digital domain for superior stabi lity over temperature and time. figure 2. signal processing block diagram t he low frequency output of the BL6503E is generated by accumulating m this real power information. this low frequency inherently means a long accumulati on time between output pulses. the output frequency is therefore proportional to the average real power. this average real power information can, in turn, be accumulated (e.g., by a counter) to generate real energy information. because of its high output f requency and hence shorter integration time, the cf output is proportional to the instantaneous real power. this is useful for system calibration purposes that would take place under steady load conditions. ? voltage channel input the output of the line vol tage transducer is connected to the BL6503E at this analog input. as figure4 shows that c hannel v2 is a fully differential voltage input. the maximum peak differential signal on channel 2 is 660mv. figure 4 illustrates the maximum signal levels that can be connected to the BL6503E voltage channel. figure 4. voltage channels current sampling voltage sampling analog to digital analog to digital high pass filter digital multipli- cation digital to frequency low pass filter i v cf f1 f2 high pass filter v*i v*i p(t)=i(t)*v(t) v(t)=v*cos(wt) i(t)=i*cos(wt) p(t)= [1+cos(2wt)] 2 v*i 2 t v*i 2 t instantaneous power signal p(t) instantaneous real power signal integral v 1 v 2 + 660 mv - 660 mv maximun input differential voltage 660 mv maximun input common - mode voltage 100 mv v 1 v 2 agnd v 2 p v 2 n + -
BL6503E single phase energy meter ic http://ww w.belling.com.cn - 9 - v1.0 1 total 12 pages voltage channel must be driven from a common - mode voltage, i.e., the differential voltage signal on the input must be referenced to a common mode (usually a gnd). the analog inputs of the BL6503E can be driven with common - mode voltages of up to 100 mv with respect to agnd. however, best results are achieved using a common mode equal to agnd. figure5 shows two typical connections for channel v2. the first optio n uses a pt (potential transformer) to provide complete isolation from the mains voltage. in the second option, the BL6503E is biased around the neutral wire and a resistor divider is used to provide a voltage signal that is proportional to the line voltag e. adjusting the ratio of ra and rb is also a convenient way of carrying out a gain calibration on the meter. figure 5. typical connections for voltage channels ? current channel input the voltage outputs from the current trans ducers are connected to the BL6503E here. the maximum d ifferential voltage on current channel 2 is 660mv. the maximum common - mode voltage is 10 0mv. ? power supply monitor the BL6503E contains an on - chip power supply monitor. if the supply is less than 4v 5% then the BL6503E will go in an inactive state, i.e. no energy will be accumulated when the supply agnd v 2 p v 2 n + - cf agnd cf rf rf ct 660 mv agnd agnd v 2 p v 2 n + - cf agnd cf ra rf 660 mv agnd agnd rb rv agnd ra >> rf rb + rv = rf phase neutral phase neutral
BL6503E single phase energy meter ic http://ww w.belling.com.cn - 10 - v1.0 1 total 12 pages voltage is below 4v. this is useful to ensure correct device operation at power up and during power down. the power supply monitor has built - in hysteresis and filtering. this gives a high degree of immunity to false triggering due to noisy supplies. the trigger level is nominally set at 4v, and the tolerance on this trigger level is about 5%. the power supply and decoupling for the part should be such tha t the ripple at vdd does not exceed 5v 5% as specified for normal operation. ? operation mode ? t ransfer f unction the BL6503E calculates the product of two voltage signals (on channel 1 and channel 2) and then low - pass filters this product to extract real po wer information. this real power information is then converted to a frequency. the frequency information is output on f1 and f2 in the form of active low pulses. the pulse rate at these outputs is relatively low. it means that the frequency at these output s is generated from real power information accumulated over a relatively long period of time. the result is an output frequency that is proportional to the average real power. the averag e of the real power signal is implicit to the digital - to - frequency con version. the output frequency or pulse rate is related to the input voltage signals by the following equation. ( use 3.58mhz oscillator ) freq output frequency on f1 and f2 (hz) v( v ) differential rms voltage signal on channel 1 (vol ts) v(i) differential rms voltage signal on channel 2 (volts) gain 1, 2, 8 or 16, depending on the pga gain selection , using logic inputs g0 and g1 vref the reference voltage (2. 5 v 8%) (volts) fz one of four possible frequencies selected by using the logic inputs s0 and s1. s1 s0 fz(hz) xtal/clkin 0 0 1.7 clkin/2 ^ 21 0 1 3.4 clkin/2 ^ 20 1 0 6.8 clkin/2 ^ 19 1 1 13.6 clkin/2 ^ 18 ? frequency output cf the pulse output cf (calibration frequency) is intended for use during calibration. the output pulse rate on cf can be up to 12 8 times the pulse rate on f1 and f2. the following table shows how the two frequencies are related, depending on the states of the logic inputs s0, s1 and scf . 2 ) ( ) ( 34 . 8 ref z v f gain i v v v freq ? ? ? ? ?
BL6503E single phase energy meter ic http://ww w.belling.com.cn - 11 - v1.0 1 total 12 pages mode scf s1 s0 cf / f1 ( or f2 ) 1 1 0 0 128 2 0 0 0 64 3 1 0 1 64 4 0 0 1 32 5 1 1 0 32 6 0 1 0 16 7 1 1 1 16 8 0 1 1 2048 because of its relatively high pulse rate, the frequency at this logic output is proportional to the instantaneous real power. as is the case with f1 and f2, the frequency is derived from the output of the low - pass filter after multiplication. however, because the output frequency is high, this real power information is accumulated over a much shorter time. hence less averaging is carried out in the digital - to - frequency conversion. with much less averaging of the real power signal, the cf output is much more responsive to power fluctuations. ? gain selection by select the digital input g0 and g1 voltage (5v or 0v), we can adjust the gain of current channel. w e can see that while increasing the gain, the input dynamic range is decreasing. g1 g0 gain maximum differential signal 0 0 1 ? ? ? ? ? analog input range the maximum peak differential signal on voltage channel is 660 mv , and the common - mode voltage is up to 100 mv with respect to agnd. the analog inputs v1 p , v1n have the same maximum signal level restrictions as v2p and v2n. however, the current channel has a programmable gain amplifier (pga) with user - selectable gains of 1, 2, 8, or 16. these gains facilitate easy transducer interfacing. the maximum differential voltage is 660 mv and t he maximum common - mode signal is 100 mv. the corresponding max frequency of cf/f1/f2 is shown in the following table. scf s1 s0 f z max frequency of f1, f2 (hz) cf max frequency (hz) dc ac dc ac 1 0 0 1 .7 1 0. 5 128 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
BL6503E single phase energy meter ic http://ww w.belling.com.cn - 12 - v1.0 1 total 12 pages 0 1 0 6.8 4 2 16 ? f1,f2= 64 16 ? f1,f2= 32 1 1 1 13.6 8 4 16 ? f1,f2= 128 16 ? f1,f2= 64 0 1 1 13.6 8 4 2048 ? f1,f2= 16.4 k 2048 ? f1,f2= 8 . 2 k ? package dimensions ssop24

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