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MIC29510/29512
5A Fast-Response LDO Regulator
General Description
The MIC29510 and MIC29512 are high-current, highaccuracy, low-dropout voltage regulators featuring fast transient recovery from input voltage surges and output load current changes. These regulators use a PNP pass element that features Micrel's proprietary Super eta PNPTM process. The MIC29510/2 is available in two versions: the three pin fixed output MIC29510 and the five pin adjustable output voltage MIC29512. All versions are fully protected against overcurrent faults, reversed input polarity, reversed lead insertion, overtemperature operation, and positive and negative transient voltage spikes. A TTL compatible enable (EN) control pin supports external on/off control. If on/off control is not required, the device may be continuously enabled by connecting EN to IN. The MIC29510/2 is available in the standard three and five pin TO-220 package with an operating junction temperature range of 0C to +125C. For applications requiring even lower dropout voltage, input voltage greater than 16V, or an error flag, see the MIC29500/29501/29502/29503.
Features
* Fast transient response * 5A current capability * 700mV dropout voltage at full load * Low ground current * Accurate 1% guaranteed tolerance * "Zero" current shutdown mode (MIC29512) * Fixed voltage and adjustable versions
Applications
* PentiumTM, Pentium PlusTM and Power PCTM processor supplies * High-efficiency "green" computer systems * High-efficiency linear power supplies * High-efficiency switching supply post regulator * Battery-powered equipment
Typical Application
Fixed Regulator Configuration
Adjustable Regulator Configuration
Super eta PNP is a trademarks of Micrel, Inc. Micrel Inc. * 2180 Fortune Drive * San Jose, CA 95131 * USA * tel +1 (408) 944-0800 * fax + 1 (408) 474-1000 * http://www.micrel.com
May 2006
M9999-051706 (408) 955-1690
Micrel, Inc.
MIC29510/29512
Ordering Information
Part Number Standard MIC29510-3.3BT MIC29510-5.0BT MIC29512BT RoHS Compliant* MIC29510-3.3WT MIC29510-5.0WT MIC29512WT 0C to +125C 0C to +125C 0C to +125C 3.3V 5.0V Adj. 5A 5A 5A TO-220-3 TO-220-3 TO-220-5 Junction Temp. Range Voltage Current Package
* RoHS compliant with `high-melting solder' exemption.
Pin Configuration
123
MIC29510BT/WT On all devices, the Tab is grounded
12345
MIC29512BT/WT
Pin Description
3-Pin TO-220 (MIC29510)
Pin Number 1 2 3 Pin Name IN GND OUT Pin Function Unregulated Input: +16V maximum supply. Ground: Internally connected to tab (ground). Regulated Output.
5-Pin TO-220 (MIC29512)
Pin Number 1 2 3 4 5 Pin Name EN IN GND OUT ADJ Pin Function Enable (Input): Logic-level ON/OFF control. Unregulated Input: +16V maximum supply. Ground: Internally connected to tab (ground). Regulated Output. Output Voltage Adjust: 1.240V feedback from external resistive divider.
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MIC29510/29512
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Input Supply Voltage ................................... -20V to +20V Power Dissipation .....................................Internally Limited Storage Temperature Range ....................-65C to +150C Ambient Temperature Range (soldering, 5 sec.) ....... 260C
(1)
Operating Ratings
Operating Junction Temperature ...................0C to +125C (JC) (TO-220) ............................................................2C/W (JA) (TO-220)...........................................................55C/W
Electrical Characteristics
All measurements at TJ = 25C unless otherwise noted. Bold values are guaranteed across the operating temperature range. Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max 10mA IO IFL, (VOUT + 1V) VIN 8V (Note 2) -2 2 Output Voltage Line Regulation Load Regulation VO/T Dropout Voltage IO = 10mA, (VOUT + 1V) VIN 8V VIN = VOUT + 1V, 10mA IOUT IFULL LOAD (Notes 2, 6)) Output Voltage Temperature Coefficient (Note 6) VOUT = - 1% (Note 3) MIC29510/29512 IO = 100mA IO = 750mA IO = 1.5A IO = 3A IO = 5A MIC29510/29512 IO = 750mA, VIN = VOUT + 1V IO = 1.5A IO = 3A IO = 5A 5.0 0.06 0.2 20 80 200 320 500 700 3 10 36 100 2 6.5 260 0.5 1 100 200 Units % % % ppm/C mV mV mV mV mV mA mA mA mA mA A VRMS
1000 20
Ground Current
150 3
IGNDDO Ground Pin Current at Dropout Current Limit en, Output Noise Voltage (10Hz to 100kHz) IL = 100mA
VIN = 0.5V less than specified VOUT. IOUT = 10mA MIC29510/29512 VOUT = 0V (Note 4) CL = 47F
Reference (MIC29512 only) Parameter Reference Voltage Adjust Pin Bias Current Reference Voltage Temperature Coefficient Adjust Pin Bias Current Temperature Coefficient (Note 7) Conditions 10mA IO IFL, VOUT + 1V VIN 8V (Note 2) Min 1.215 40 20 0.1 Typ Max 1.265 80 120 Units VMAX nA nA ppm/C nA/C
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MIC29510/29512
Enable Input (MIC29512 only) Parameter Input Logic Voltage Enable (EN) Pin Input Current Conditions Low (Off) High (On) VEN = VIN VEN = 0.8V Regulator Output Current in Shutdown (Note 8) Min 2.4 15 - 10 20 30 75 2 4 Typ Max 0.8 Units V V A A A A A A
Notes: General Note: Devices are ESD sensitive. Handling precautions are recommended. 1. The maximum continuous supply voltage is 16V. 2. Full Load current is defined as 5A for the MIC29510/29512. For testing, VOUT is programmed to 5V. 3. Dropout voltage defined as the input-to-output differential when the output voltage drops to 99% of its nominal value with VOUT + 1V applied to VIN. 4. For this test, VIN is the larger of 8V or VOUT + 3V. 5. Ground pin current is regulator quiescent current. Total current drawn from the source is the sum of the load current plus the ground pin current. 6. Output voltage temperature coefficient is defined as the worst case voltage change divided by the total temperature range. 7. VREF VOUT (VIN - 1V), 2.4V VIN 16V, 10mA < IL IFL, TJ TJ MAX. 8. VEN 0.8V and VIN 8V, VOUT = 0.
Block Diagram
16V
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MIC29510/29512
Typical Characteristics
MIC29512 Load Transient Response Test Circuit
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MIC29510/29512
MIC2951x Ground Current vs. Input Voltage
VOUT = 3.3V
2.5 GROUND CURRENT (mA) 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0
RLOAD = 100 -10 0 10 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 20
-0.5 -20
3.40 3.38 3.36 3.34 3.32 3.30 3.28 3.26 3 DEVICES 3.24 3.22 3.20 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150 TEMPERATURE C) (
MIC29510-3.3 Output Voltage vs. Temperature
50 ENABLE CURRENT (A) 40 30 20 10
MIC29512 Enable Current vs. Temperaure
ADJUST PIN CURRENT (nA)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) VEN = 5V VEN = 2V
80 60 40 20
MIC29512 Adjust Pin Current vs. Temperature
ILOAD = 10mA
0 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150 TEMPERATURE C) (
0 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150 TEMPERATURE C) (
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MIC29510/29512 Thermal Design Linear regulators are simple to use. The most complicated design parameters to consider are thermal characteristics. Thermal design requires the following application-specific parameters: * * * * Maximum ambient temperature, TA Output Current, IOUT Output Voltage, VOUT Input Voltage, VIN
Applications Information
The MIC29510 and MIC29512 are high performance low-dropout voltage regulators suitable for all moderate to high-current voltage regulator applications. Their 600mV of dropout voltage at full load make them especially valuable in battery powered systems and as high efficiency noise filters in "post-regulator" applications. Unlike older NPN-pass transistor designs, where the minimum dropout voltage is limited by the base-emitter voltage drop and collector-emitter saturation voltage, dropout performance of the PNP output of these devices is limited merely by the low VCE saturation voltage. A trade-off for the low dropout voltage is a varying base drive requirement. But Micrel's Super eta PNPTM process reduces this drive requirement to merely 2 to 5% of the load current. MIC29510/512 regulators are fully protected from damage due to fault conditions. Current limiting is provided. This limiting is linear; output current under overload conditions is constant. Thermal shutdown disables the device when the die temperature exceeds the maximum safe operating temperature. Transient protection allows device (and load) survival even when the input voltage spike above and below nominal. The output structure of these regulators allows voltages in excess of the desired output voltage to be applied without reverse current flow. The MIC29512 version offers a logic level ON/OFF control: when disabled, the devices draw nearly zero current. An additional feature of this regulator family is a common pinout: a design's current requirement may change up or down yet use the same board layout, as all of Micrel's high-current Super eta PNPTM regulators have identical pinouts.
First, we calculate the power dissipation of the regulator from these numbers and the device parameters from this datasheet. PD = IOUT x (1.02VIN - VOUT) Where the ground current is approximated by 3% of IOUT, then the heat sink thermal resistance is determined with this formula:
SA = TJ(MAX) - TA PD - ( JC + CS )
Where TJ MAX 125C and CS is between 0 and 2C/W. The heat sink may be significantly reduced in applications where the minimum input voltage is known and is large compared with the dropout voltage. Use a series input resistor to drop excessive voltage and distribute the heat between this resistor and the regulator. The low dropout properties of Micrel Super eta PNP regulators allow very significant reductions in regulator power dissipation and the associated heat sink without compromising performance. When this technique is employed, a capacitor of at least 0.1F is needed directly between the input and regulator ground. Please refer to Application Note 9 for further details and examples on thermal design and heat sink specification.
Capacitor Requirements For stability and minimum output noise, a capacitor on the regulator output is necessary. The value of this capacitor is dependent upon the output current; lower currents allow smaller capacitors. MIC29510/2 regulators are stable with a minimum capacitor value of 47F at full load.
Figure 3. The MIC29510 requires only two capacitors for operation
This capacitor need not be an expensive low ESR type: aluminum electrolytics are adequate. In fact, extremely low ESR capacitors may contribute to instability. Tantalum capacitors are recommended for systems where fast load transient response is important.
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Micrel, Inc. Where the regulator is powered from a source with high AC impedance, a 0.1F capacitor connected between Input and GND is recommended. This capacitor should have good characteristics to above 250kHz.
MIC29510/29512
Where VO is the desired output voltage. Figure 4 shows component definition.
Adjustable Regulator Design
Transient Response and 5V to 3.3V Conversion The MIC29510/2 have excellent response to variations in input voltage and load current. By virtue of their low dropout voltage, these devices do not saturate into dropout as readily as similar NPN-based designs. A 3.3V output Micrel LDO will maintain full speed and performance with an input supply as low as 4.2V, and will still provide some regulation with supplies down to 3.8V, unlike NPN devices that require 5.1V or more for good performance and become nothing more than a resistor under 4.6V of input. Micrel's PNP regulators provide superior performance in "5V to 3.3V" conversion applications, especially when all tolerances are considered. Adjustable Regulator Design The adjustable regulator version, MIC29512, allows programming the output voltage anywhere between 1.25V and the 16V maximum operating rating of the family. Two resistors are used. Resistors can be quite large, up to 100k, because of the very high input impedance and low bias current of the sense comparator. The resistor values are calculated by:
V R1 = R2 x OUT - 1 1.240
Figure 4. Adjustable Regulator with Resistors
Enable Input The MIC29512 version features an enable (EN) input that allows ON/OFF control of the device. Special design allows "zero" current drain when the device is disabled-- only microamperes of leakage current flows. The EN input has TTL/CMOS compatible thresholds for simple interfacing with logic, or may be directly tied to VIN. Enabling the regulator requires approximately 20A of current into the EN pin.
Voltage
Standard ()
R1 100k 100k 100k 100k 100k 100k 100k 93.1k 100k 100k 100k 100k
R2 76.8k 75.0k 69.8k 66.5k 64.9k 60.4k 56.2k 51.1k 52.3k 48.7k 45.3k 43.2k
2.85 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.15 3.3 3.45 3.525 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.1
Resistor Value Table for the MIC29512 Adjustable Regulator
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Micrel, Inc.
MIC29510/29512
Package Information
3-Pin TO-220 (T)
5-Pin TO-220 (T)
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MIC29510/29512
MICREL, INC. 2180 FORTUNE DRIVE SAN JOSE, CA 95131 USA
TEL +1 (408) 944-0800 FAX +1 (408) 474-1000 WEB http:/www.micrel.com
The information furnished by Micrel in this data sheet is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Micrel for its use. Micrel reserves the right to change circuitry and specifications at any time without notification to the customer. Micrel Products are not designed or authorized for use as components in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfunction of a product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems that (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. A Purchaser's use or sale of Micrel Products for use in life support appliances, devices or systems is a Purchaser's own risk and Purchaser agrees to fully indemnify Micrel for any damages resulting from such use or sale. (c) 1997 Micrel, Incorporated.
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